Francisco José do Nascimento Carrapiço was born in Lagos (1951), Portugal, and has a B.Sc. in Biology from the University of Lisbon (1976), a Ph.D. in Cell Biology (1985) from the same university, and a postdoctoral from the Arizona State University, USA (1986/7). Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Science of the University of Lisbon, and researcher at the Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and the Center for Philosophy of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, his main field of research is Symbiomics, namely, the Azolla–Anabaena-bacteria symbiotic system. He has been involved in several projects in Portugal, Europe, Africa, and Latin America. Related to the field of Philosophy of Science he is doing research work on post-neo-Darwinian perspective of evolution, with emphasis on the origin of life and on the symbiogenic approach to the evolutionary process.